LoRaWAN

The LoRaWAN® specification is a Low Power, Wide Area (LPWA) networking specification designed to wirelessly connect battery operated ‘things’ to the internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of Things (IoT) requirements such as bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility and localization services.

LoRaWAN operates in unlicensed radio frequency bands and is known for its long-range capabilities (up to 15 km in rural areas), low power consumption, and the ability to connect a large number of devices to a single network.

The architecture includes end devices, gateways, network servers, and application servers, enabling a scalable and flexible network for diverse IoT applications.

LoRaWAN is a Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol built on top of LoRa modulation. It is a software layer which defines how devices use the LoRa hardware, for example when they transmit, and the format of messages.